| 
	| 1 | 
	Overview | 
	| 1.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 1.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 1.3 | 
	Field-Effect Transistors | 
	| 1.4 | 
	Thyristors and Triacs | 
	| 1.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 1.6 | 
	Optoelectronic Devices | 
  | 
	| 1.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 1.1.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Diodes | 
	| 1.1.2 | 
	Germanium Rectifier Diodes | 
	| 1.1.3 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Diodes | 
	| 1.1.4 | 
	Silicon Rectifier Diodes | 
	| 1.1.5 | 
	Silicon Zener Diodes and Transient-Voltage Suppressors | 
	| 1.1.6 | 
	Silicon Variable-Capacitance Tuning Diodes (Varicaps) | 
	| 1.1.7 | 
	Silicon Hot Carrier Diodes | 
  | 
	| 1.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 1.2.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Transistors | 
	| 1.2.2 | 
	Germanium Power Transistors | 
	| 1.2.3 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Transistors | 
	| 1.2.4 | 
	Silicon Power Transistors | 
	| 1.2.5 | 
	Silicon Transistors with Built-in Base Resistors | 
	| 1.2.6 | 
	Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) | 
  | 
	| 1.3 | 
	Field-Effekt Transistors | 
	| 1.3.1 | 
	Silicon Junction Field-Effekt Transistors (JFETs) - Small-Signal Types | 
	| 1.3.2 | 
	Silicon Junction Field-Effekt Transistors (JFETs) - Power Devices | 
	| 1.3.3 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Small-Signal Types | 
	| 1.3.4 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Power Devices | 
	| 1.3.5 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Enhancement-Mode (Normally-Off) Small-Signal Types | 
	| 1.3.6 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Enhancement-Mode (Normally-Off) Power Devices | 
	| 1.3.7 | 
	Gallium Arsenide MES Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Small-Signal Types | 
  | 
	| 1.4 | 
	Thyristors, SCRs | 
	| 1.4.1 | 
	Small-Signal Types | 
	| 1.4.2 | 
	Power Devices | 
  | 
	| 1.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 1.5.1 | 
	Germanium Tunnel Diodes | 
	| 1.5.2 | 
	Silicon Tunnel Diodes | 
	| 1.5.3 | 
	Gallium-Arsenid Tunnel Diodes | 
	| 1.5.4 | 
	Mixer and Detector Diodes | 
  | 
	| 1.6 | 
	Optoelectronic Devices | 
	| 1.6.1 | 
	Germanium Photodiodes | 
	| 1.6.2 | 
	Germanium Phototransistors | 
	| 1.6.3 | 
	Silicon Photodiodes | 
	| 1.6.4 | 
	Silicon Photovoltaic Cells | 
	| 1.6.5 | 
	Silicon Phototransistors | 
	| 1.6.6 | 
	Silicon Photothyristors | 
	| 1.6.7 | 
	Photoresistors | 
	| 1.6.8 | 
	Optical Emitters | 
	| 1.6.9 | 
	Optoisolators, Photocouplers - Optoswitches, Photon-Coupled Interrupters | 
	| 1.6.10 | 
	Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits | 
  | 
	| 2 | 
	Static Characteristics | 
	| 2.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 2.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 2.3 | 
	Field-Effekt Transistors | 
	| 2.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
  | 
	| 2.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 2.1.1 | 
	Forward Biased Germanium Diodes | 
	| 2.1.2 | 
	Reverse Biased Germanium Diodes | 
	| 2.1.3 | 
	Forward Biased Germanium Rectifiers | 
	| 2.1.4 | 
	Reverse Biased Germanium Rectifiers | 
	| 2.1.5 | 
	Forward Biased Silicon Diodes | 
	| 2.1.6 | 
	Reverse Biased Silicon Diodes | 
	| 2.1.7 | 
	Forward Biased Silicon Rectifiers | 
	| 2.1.8 | 
	Reverse Biased Silicon Rectifiers | 
	| 2.1.9 | 
	Voltage Stabilizors | 
  | 
	| 2.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 2.2.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Types (On-State) | 
	| 2.2.2 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Types (Off-State) | 
	| 2.2.3 | 
	Germanium Power Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.2.4 | 
	Germanium Power Devices (Off-State) | 
	| 2.2.5 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Types (On-State) | 
	| 2.2.6 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Types (Off-State) | 
	| 2.2.7 | 
	Silicon Power Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.2.8 | 
	Silicon Power Devices (Off-State) | 
  | 
	| 2.3 | 
	Field-Effekt Transistors | 
	| 2.3.1 | 
	Silicon Junction Small-Signal Types (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.2 | 
	Silicon Junction Small-Signal Types (Off-State) | 
	| 2.3.3 | 
	Silicon Junction Power Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.4 | 
	Silicon Junction Power Devices (Off-State) | 
	| 2.3.5 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.6 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Devices (Off-State) | 
	| 2.3.7 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Power Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.8 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Power Devices (Off-State) | 
	| 2.3.9 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode MOS Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.10 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode MOS Devices (Off-State) | 
	| 2.3.11 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode MOS Power Devices (On-State) | 
	| 2.3.12 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode MOS Power Devices (Off-State) | 
  | 
	| 2.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 2.5.1 | 
	Tunnel Diodes | 
	| 2.5.2 | 
	Mixer and Detector Diodes Forward Operation | 
	| 2.5.3 | 
	Mixer and Detector Diodes Reverse Operation | 
  | 
	| 3 | 
	Dynamic Characteristics | 
	| 3.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 3.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 3.3 | 
	Field-Effect Transistors | 
	| 3.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
  | 
	| 3.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 3.1.1 | 
	Demodulator and Detector Diodes | 
	| 3.1.2 | 
	Switching Diodes | 
	| 3.1.3 | 
	Varicaps - Variable-Capacitance Tuning Diodes | 
	| 3.1.5 | 
	Silicon Rectifier Diodes | 
	| 3.1.9 | 
	Zener Diodes and Transient-Voltage Suppressors | 
  | 
	| 3.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 3.2.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Types | 
	| 3.2.2 | 
	Germanium Power Devices | 
	| 3.2.3 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Types | 
	| 3.2.4 | 
	Silizium Power Devices | 
	| 3.2.5 | 
	Small-Signal Parameters for Audio-Frequency Amplifiers | 
	| 3.2.6 | 
	Small-Signal Parameters for High-Frequency Amplifiers | 
	| 3.2.9 | 
	Matching Parameters of Transistor Pairs | 
  | 
	| 3.3 | 
	Field-Effect Transistors | 
	| 3.3.1 | 
	Silicon Junction Small-Signal Devices | 
	| 3.3.2 | 
	Silicon Junction Power Devices | 
	| 3.3.3 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Devices | 
	| 3.3.4 | 
	Silicon Depletion-Mode MOS Power Devices | 
	| 3.3.5 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode MOS Devices | 
	| 3.3.6 | 
	Silicon Enhancement-Mode Power MOS Devices | 
  | 
	| 3.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 3.5.1 | 
	Tunnel Diodes | 
  | 
	| 4 | 
	Audio-Frequency Amplifiers | 
	| 4.1 | 
	Resistance-Coupled Voltage Amplifiers using Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 4.2 | 
	Single-Ended Power Amplifiers using Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 4.3 | 
	Push-Pull Power Amplifiers using Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 4.4 | 
	Output-Transformerless Push-Pull Power Amplifiers using Bipolar Transistors | 
  | 
	| 5 | 
	Amateur Radio Transmitting Amplifiers | 
	| 5.1 | 
	Driver and Output Stages using Bipolar Transistors | 
  | 
	| 6 | 
	Miscellaneous Amateur Radio Applications | 
	| 6.1 | 
	Radio-Frequency Detectors | 
	| 6.2 | 
	RF and Broadband Amplifiers using Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 6.3 | 
	RF and Broadband Amplifiers using Field-Effect Transistors | 
	| 6.5 | 
	Mixer Stages and Frequency Converters | 
  | 
	| 7 | 
	Digital Circuits | 
	| 7.1 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Germanium Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 7.2 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Silicon Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 7.3 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Silicon Field-Effect Transistors | 
  | 
	| 7.1 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Germanium Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 7.1.1 | 
	Small-Signal Devices | 
	| 7.1.2 | 
	Power Devices | 
  | 
	| 7.2 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Silicon Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 7.2.1 | 
	Small-Signal Devices | 
	| 7.2.2 | 
	Power Devices | 
  | 
	| 7.3 | 
	Switching Characteristics of Silicon Field-Effect Transistors | 
	| 7.3.1 | 
	Silicon Junction Small-Signal Devices | 
	| 7.3.6 | 
	Power MOSFET Devices | 
  | 
	| 8 | 
	Miscellaneous Operating Characteristics | 
	| 8.1 | 
	Half-Wave Rectifiers | 
	| 8.2 | 
	Full-Wave Rectifiers | 
	| 8.3 | 
	Bridge Rectifiers | 
	| 8.4 | 
	Inverse Diodes | 
  | 
	| 9 | 
	Maximum Ratings | 
	| 9.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 9.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 9.3 | 
	Field-Effekt Transistores | 
	| 9.4 | 
	Thyristors and Triacs | 
	| 9.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 9.6 | 
	Optoelectronic Devices | 
  | 
	| 9.1 | 
	Diodes and Rectifiers | 
	| 9.1.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Diodes | 
	| 9.1.2 | 
	Germanium Rectifier Diodes | 
	| 9.1.3 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Diodes | 
	| 9.1.4 | 
	Silicon Rectifier Diodes | 
	| 9.1.5 | 
	Silicon Zener Diodes and Transient-Voltage Suppressors | 
	| 9.1.6 | 
	Silicon Variable-Capacitance Tuning Diodes (Varicaps) | 
  | 
	| 9.2 | 
	Bipolar Transistors | 
	| 9.2.1 | 
	Germanium Small-Signal Transistors | 
	| 9.2.2 | 
	Germanium Power Transistors | 
	| 9.2.3 | 
	Silicon Small-Signal Transistors | 
	| 9.2.4 | 
	Silicon Power Transistors | 
	| 9.2.5 | 
	Silicon Transistors with Built-in Base Resistors | 
	| 9.2.6 | 
	Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) | 
  | 
	| 9.3 | 
	Field-Effekt Transistors | 
	| 9.3.1 | 
	Silicon Junction Field-Effekt Transistors (JFETs) - Small-Signal Types | 
	| 9.3.2 | 
	Silicon Junction Field-Effekt Transistors (JFETs) - Power Devices | 
	| 9.3.3 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Small-Signal Types | 
	| 9.3.4 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Power Devices | 
	| 9.3.5 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Enhancement-Mode (Normally-Off) Small-Signal Types | 
	| 9.3.6 | 
	Silicon MOS Field-Effekt Transistors - Enhancement-Mode (Normally-Off) Power Devices | 
	| 9.3.7 | 
	Gallium Arsenide MES Field-Effekt Transistors - Depletion-Mode (Self-Conducting) Small-Signal Types | 
	| 9.3.10 | 
	Avalanche Energy of Silicon Power MOS Devices | 
  | 
	| 9.4 | 
	Thyristors and Triacs | 
	| 9.4.1 | 
	Small-Signal Devices | 
	| 9.4.2 | 
	Power Devices | 
  | 
	| 9.5 | 
	Microwave Devices | 
	| 9.5.1 | 
	Tunnel Diodes | 
	| 9.5.4 | 
	Mixer and Detector Diodes | 
  | 
	| 9.6 | 
	Optoelectronic Devices | 
	| 9.6.3 | 
	Silicon Photodiodes | 
	| 9.6.5 | 
	Silicon Phototransistors | 
	| 9.6.8 | 
	Optical Emitters | 
  | 
	| A | 
	Appendix | 
	| A.1 | 
	Formula Symbols and Parameter Names | 
	| A.2 | 
	Notes and Remarks | 
	| A.4 | 
	Connection Diagrams | 
	| A.6 | 
	Manufacturers and References | 
	| A.7 | 
	Figures and Outlines | 
	| A.8 | 
	Application Circuits | 
	| A.9 | 
	Cross Reference | 
  | 
	| A.4 | 
	Connection Diagrams | 
	| A.4.1 | 
	Cases and Connection Types | 
	| A.4.2 | 
	Electrode and Terminal Designations | 
	| A.4.3 | 
	Pin Numbering | 
	A.4.4
  | 
	Connection Charts | 
	A.4.5
  | 
	Internal Circuits | 
  | 
	| A.6 | 
	Manufacturers and References | 
	| A.6.1 | 
	Identifying Manufacturers | 
	| A.6.2 | 
	Primary References - Manufacturers' Publications | 
	| A.6.3 | 
	Secondary References - Semiconductor Charts | 
	| A.6.4 | 
	Identifying Russian Components | 
	| A.6.6 | 
	Databook Contents | 
	| A.6.8 | 
	About This Database | 
	| A.6.9 | 
	Copyright Notice | 
  | 
	| A.7 | 
	Figures and Outlines | 
	| A.7.1 | 
	Dimensions and Pin Numbering | 
	| A.7.2 | 
	Metal Cases | 
	| A.7.3 | 
	Metal-Ceramic Cases | 
	| A.7.4 | 
	Glass Cases | 
	| A.7.5 | 
	Plastic Cases | 
  | 
	| A.8 | 
	Application Circuits | 
	| A.8.1 | 
	Resistance-Coupled, Audio-Frequency Voltage Amplifiers | 
	| A.8.3 | 
	Single-Ended Audio Power Amplifiers | 
	| A.8.4 | 
	Push-Pull Audio Power Amplifiers | 
	| A.8.5 | 
	Output-Transformerless Single-Ended Push-Pull Stages | 
	| A.8.8 | 
	Rectifier Circuits | 
	| A.8.9 | 
	Detectors and other Receiving Circuits | 
	| A.8.10 | 
	Frequency Converters and Oscillators | 
	| A.8.11 | 
	Radio-Frequency Amplifiers | 
	| A.8.14 | 
	Test and Measurement Circuits | 
  | 
	| A.9 | 
	Cross Reference | 
	| A.9.1 | 
	List of All Available Types | 
	| A.9.2 | 
	SMD Code Reference | 
	| A.9.3 | 
	Colour Code Reference | 
  | 
	| B | 
	Solid-State Technology History and Basics | 
	| B.8 | 
	Glossary - Explanation of Semiconductor and Electronics Terminology | 
  | 
	| C | 
	SemiLinx - Semiconductor Related WebSites | 
	| C.0 | 
	Latest News | 
  | 
	| D | 
	Background Notes | 
	| D.1 | 
	Site Map | 
	| D.1.1 | 
	Linked HTML files (ISO-8859-1 Encoding) |